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Welcome to the International Isocyanate Institute

Last modified: 23 Jul 2024
The International Isocyanate Institute, Inc. (III) was founded in August 1972 as a scientific research organization supporting the diisocyanates industry. It is organized and operated as a not-for-profit corporation under the laws of the State of New York, USA. The Head Office is in Nutley, New Jersey, USA.  This website contains a description of the Institute and its activities, as well as information on some Institute scientific studies. The site also contains links to sources of scientific, practical and regulatory information on methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)...

Health and Toxicology Studies

Last modified: 28 Apr 2025
International Isocyanate Institute; Plehiers P; Chappelle A; Spence M  TDI-induced asthma: reanalysing data to find hidden trends Scientia, 2025, April 9 DOI: 10.33548/SCIENTIA1259   Krieger S; Day B; Kuhl A; Spence M  Suitability of the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) for assessing chemical sensitization potential of aromatic polymeric polyisocyanate pre-polymer (P3) substances      Poster presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT), Nashville, Tennessee, USA, 19-23 Mar., 2023 [no DOI]   Plehiers PM Letter to the...

Analytical and Occupational Hygiene Studies

Last modified: 29 Apr 2024
de Kort P; Jensen E; Spence MW; Plehiers PM Risk assessment-based verification of the CertiPURTM limit values for toluene diamine and methylene dianiline in flexible polyurethane foam Toxicol Ind Health, 40, (3), 2024, 104-16 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231224514   Spence MW; Plehiers PM; George A; Hankett J  Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate occupational exposure data in industry (1998-2020): a descriptive summary from an industrial hygiene perspective Toxicol Ind Health, 39, (8), 2023, 407-20 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231176604   Karlsson D; Spence MW; Plehiers PM  Emission and time...

Environmental Studies

Last modified: 28 Apr 2025
Pirkl HG; Kinkler R; Plehiers PM; Ward L; Bögi C Determination of the solubility of 2,4’-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in Elendt M4 medium at 295 K Toxicol Environ Chem, 107, (3), 2025, 428-48 DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2025.2469049   Plehiers PM; Pirkl HG; Ward L; Bögi C Criteria for distinguishing heterogeneous from homogeneous conditions for aromatic diisocyanates in water Environ Sci Process Impacts, 26, 2024, 1373-9 DOI: 10.1039/D4EM00200H   Plehiers PM; Ward L; West RJ; Boegi C Model-assisted interpretation of 4,4'-methylene dianiline adsorption on...

Epidemiological Studies

Last modified: 29 Jan 2024
Antoniou EE; Zeegers MP The relationship between toluene diisocyanate exposure and respiratory health problems: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies Toxicol Ind Health, Vol. 38, (9), 2022, 595-605 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221095386   Plehiers PM; Chappelle AH; Spence MW  Practical learnings from an epidemiology study on TDI-related occupational asthma: part I-cumulative exposure is not a good indicator of risk  Toxicol Ind Health, Vol. 36, (11), 2020, 876-84 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720947202    Plehiers PM; Chappelle AH; Spence MW  Practical learnings from an...

Links to other organizations

Last modified: 23 Aug 2016
Diisocyanates American Chemistry Council Diisocyanates Panel https://dii.americanchemistry.com/ European Aliphatic Isocyanates Producers Association (ALIPA)  http://www.alipa.org/ European Diisocyanate & Polyol Producers Association (ISOPA) http://www.isopa.org/   Polyurethanes American Chemistry Council Center for the Polyurethanes Industry (ACC CPI)     https://polyurethane.americanchemistry.com/ China Polyurethane Industry Association (CPIA)      http://www.sinopu.org EUROPUR      http://www.europur.com/ Japan Urethane...

Fire Sciences

Last modified: 29 Jan 2024
Deams D and Collins M PU and fire safety management. PU Magazine, Vol. 7, 2010, 336-41 [No DOI]   Antonatus E Comparison of different analytical methods for the determination of HCN in combustion gases generated from polyurethane and sheep wool  Proc. Interflam 2007: 11th International Conference on Fire Science and Engineering, London, 3-5 Sept., 2007,1637-44 [No DOI]   Marlair G; Prager FH; Sand H The behaviour of commercially important di-isocyanates in fire conditions. Part 2: Polymeric diphenyl methane-4,4'-di-isocyanate (PMDI) Fire & Materials, Vol. 18, 1994, 17...

Links

Last modified: 19 Oct 2016
Sources of information on methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The information herein is presented in good faith, is believed to be accurate and reliable, but may well be incomplete and /or not applicable to all conditions or situations that may be encountered. No representation, guarantee or warranty is made as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information or that the application or use of any of the information analysis, methods and recommendations herein will avoid, reduce or ameliorate hazards, accidents, losses, damages or injury...

Information on TDI; properties, health and environmental aspects

Last modified: 25 Aug 2016
TDI properties ISOPA Properties, hazards and safety information for TDI  http://isopa.org/media/1139/safety-information-tdi-april-2013.pdf NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards: toluene-2,4-diisocyanate  http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0621.html   Health information on TDI ATSDR Medical management information for toluene diisocyanate  http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg/mmg.asp?id=1139&tid=245 US CDC NIOSH IDLH documentation for TDI  http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/584849.html USEPA IRIS assessment. 2,4-/2,6-toluene diisocyanate mixture   https://cfpub.epa...

Information on MDI; safe handling, transport, storage, disposal and emergency actions

Last modified: 26 Aug 2016
Safe handling of MDI NIOSH  National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory. MultiVapor (TM) Version 2.2.3  http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/multivapor/multivapor.html  Computer tool for estimating breakthrough times and service lives of air-purifying cartridges used with MDI. ACC CPI  Industrial hygiene air monitoring methods for MDI and TDI  https://polyurethane.americanchemistry.com/Resources-and-Document-Library/3822.pdf   Methods and equipment suitable for monitoring diisocyanate concentrations in air. Transport and storage of MDI ACC CPI...

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